past+calculation
61Sunk costs — In economics and business decision making, sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be incurred… …
62Value at risk — (VaR) is a maximum tolerable loss that could occur with a given probability within a given period of time. VaR is a widely applied concept to measure and manage many types of risk, although it is most commonly used to measure and manage the… …
63Doomsday rule — John Conway, inventor of the Doomsday algorithm The Doomsday rule or Doomsday algorithm is a way of calculating the day of the week of a given date. It provides a perpetual calendar since the Gregorian calendar moves in cycles of 400 years. This… …
64Housing Benefit — is a means tested social security benefit in the UK that is intended to help meet Housing costs for rented accommodation. The primary legislation governing Housing Benefit is the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992.[1]… …
65Opinion polling for the next United Kingdom general election — In the run up to the next United Kingdom general election, several polling organisations will carry out opinion polling in regards to voting intention in Great Britain (i.e. the UK excluding Northern Ireland, which is always excluded from such… …
66PID controller — A block diagram of a PID controller A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control systems – a PID is the most commonly used feedback… …
67History of computing — The history of computing is longer than the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology and includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper or for chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables. The timeline of… …
68Numerical model of solar system — A numerical model of the solar system is a set of mathematical equations, which, when solved, give the approximate positions of the planets as a function of time. Attempts to create such a model established the more general field of celestial… …
69Algorithm characterizations — The word algorithm does not have a generally accepted definition. Researchers are actively working in formalizing this term. This article will present some of the characterizations of the notion of algorithm in more detail. This article is a… …
70The Wright System — Rules and procedures for a Reiterative Proportional Single Transferable Vote Computerised Count The Wright system (named after the late Jack Wright, author of the Book Mirror of a Nation s Mind and past President of the Proportional… …
