- chemical lithosphere
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the chemical boundary layer between the surface of the Earth and the asthenosphere that contains the material differentiated or extracted from the mantle
Wikipedia foundation.
Wikipedia foundation.
chemical element — Introduction also called element, any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. This article considers the… … Universalium
Lithosphere — The tectonic plates of the lithosphere on Earth … Wikipedia
Oceanic lithosphere — is typically about 50 100 km thick (but beneath the mid ocean ridges is no thicker than the crust), while the continental lithosphere has a range in thickness from about 40 km to perhaps 200 km; the upper 30 to 50 km of the… … Wikipedia
Abundances of the elements (data page) — … Wikipedia
Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… … Universalium
metamorphic rock — Any of a class of rocks that result from the alteration of preexisting rocks in response to changing geological conditions, including variations in temperature, pressure, and mechanical stress. The preexisting rocks may be igneous, sedimentary,… … Universalium
Sedimentary rock — Middle Triassic marginal marine sequence of siltstones (below) and limestones (above), Virgin Formation, southwestern Utah, USA Sedimentary rock are types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material at the Earth s surface and within… … Wikipedia
Earth — This article is about the planet. For other uses, see Earth (disambiguation). Earth … Wikipedia
biosphere — biospheric /buy euh sfer ik/, adj. /buy euh sfear /, n. 1. the part of the earth s crust, waters, and atmosphere that supports life. 2. the ecosystem comprising the entire earth and the living organisms that inhabit it. [1895 1900; < G Biosphäre; … Universalium
geology — /jee ol euh jee/, n., pl. geologies. 1. the science that deals with the dynamics and physical history of the earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that the earth has undergone or is… … Universalium