Fraudulent+shortage
101lapping — In the USA, the fraudulent practice of concealing a shortage of cash by delaying the recording of cash receipts. In the UK it is referred to as teeming and lading. There are a number of variations, but essentially the cashier conceals the theft… …
102HAFKA'AT SHE'ARIM — (Heb. הַפְקָעַת שְׁעַרִים), raising the price of a commodity beyond the accepted level, or that fixed by a competent authority. Profiteering and Overreaching The law of Hafka at She arim ( profiteering ) is analogous to that of overreaching… …
103LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEM — UNDER THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1876–1917) Judiciary Throughout the period from the promulgation of the Ottoman Constitution of 1876 until the present time there have been both secular and religious courts exercising jurisdiction in the territory of… …
