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  • 91impressionism — /im presh euh niz euhm/, n. 1. Fine Arts. a. (usually cap.) a style of painting developed in the last third of the 19th century, characterized chiefly by short brush strokes of bright colors in immediate juxtaposition to represent the effect of… …

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  • 92literature — /lit euhr euh cheuhr, choor , li treuh /, n. 1. writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays. 2.… …

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  • 93Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …

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  • 94Stendhal — /sten dahl , stan /; Fr. /stahn dannl /, n. (Marie Henri Beyle) 1783 1842, French novelist and critic. * * * orig. Marie Henri Beyle born Jan. 23, 1783, Grenoble, France died March 23, 1842, Paris French novelist. He left for Paris in 1799 partly …

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  • 95Hobbes, Thomas — born April 5, 1588, Westport, Wiltshire, Eng. died Dec. 4, 1679, Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire English philosopher and political theorist. The son of a vicar who abandoned his family, Hobbes was raised by his uncle. After graduating from the… …

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  • 96Itō Hirobumi — born Oct. 14, 1841, Suō province, Japan died Oct. 26, 1909, Harbin, Manchuria, China Japanese statesman, prime minister, and writer of the Meiji Constitution. He played a minor role in the Meiji Restoration, through which he came in contact with… …

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  • 97Neue Zürcher Zeitung — (German; New Zürich Newspaper ) Daily newspaper published in Zürich, Switz. , generally considered one of the world s great newspapers. Founded as the weekly Zürcher Zeitung in 1780, it took its present name in 1821. In 1868 it became a joint… …

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  • 98Smith, Joseph — born Dec. 23, 1805, Sharon, Vt., U.S. died June 27, 1844, Carthage, Ill. Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints (Mormon church). He began experiencing visions as a teenager in Palmyra, N.Y. In 1827 he claimed that an angel had …

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  • 99EUROPE'S CRUMBLING SOCIAL NETWORK — ▪ 1998 by Birna Helgadottir The European welfare state suffered a year of crisis in 1997. In the years after World War II, generations of Europeans had grown accustomed to levels of social protection that were generous and comprehensive compared… …

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  • 100caricature and cartoon — ▪ graphic arts Introduction       in graphic art, comically distorted drawing or likeness, done with the purpose of satirizing or ridiculing its subject. Cartoons are used today primarily for conveying political commentary and editorial opinion… …

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