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41ethics — /eth iks/, n.pl. 1. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) a system of moral principles: the ethics of a culture. 2. the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group, culture, etc.: medical ethics;… …
42Spinoza: metaphysics and knowledge — G.H.R.Parkinson The philosophical writings of Spinoza are notoriously obscure, and they have been interpreted in many ways. Some interpreters see Spinoza as (in the words of a contemporary)1 ‘the reformer of the new [sc. Cartesian] philosophy’.… …
43L'Hôpital's rule — Guillaume de l Hôpital, after whom this rule is named. In calculus, l Hôpital s rule pronounced: [lopiˈtal] (also called Bernoulli s rule) uses derivatives to help evaluate limits involving indeterminate forms. Application …
44Negative binomial distribution — Probability mass function The orange line represents the mean, which is equal to 10 in each of these plots; the green line shows the standard deviation. notation: parameters: r > 0 number of failures until the experiment is stopped (integer,… …
45epistemology — epistemological /i pis teuh meuh loj i keuhl/, adj. epistemologically, adv. epistemologist, n. /i pis teuh mol euh jee/, n. a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge. [1855 60; < Gk… …
46Plato: ethics and politics — A.W.Price I Plato followed his teacher Socrates into ethics by way of a question that remained central in Greek thought: what is the relation between the virtues or excellences (aretai) of character, and happiness (eudaimonia)?1 Both concepts… …
47Plato: aesthetics and psychology — Christopher Rowe Plato’s ideas about literature and art and about beauty (his ‘aesthetics’) are heavily influenced and in part actually determined by his ideas about the mind or soul (his ‘psychology’).1 It is therefore appropriate to deal with… …
48Chinese room — If you can carry on an intelligent conversation using pieces of paper slid under a door, does this imply that someone or something on the other side understands what you are saying? The Chinese room is a thought experiment by John Searle which… …
49Extreme Unction — • A sacrament to give spiritual aid and comfort and perfect spiritual health, including, if need be, the remission of sins, and also, conditionally, to restore bodily health, to Christians who are seriously ill Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight …
50Central limit theorem — This figure demonstrates the central limit theorem. The sample means are generated using a random number generator, which draws numbers between 1 and 100 from a uniform probability distribution. It illustrates that increasing sample sizes result… …
