abductive reasoning
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Abductive reasoning — Abduction, or inference to the best explanation, is a method of reasoning in which one chooses the hypothesis that would, if true, best explain the relevant evidence. Abductive reasoning starts from a set of accepted facts and infers their most… … Wikipedia
Abductive logic programming — is a high level knowledge representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal Logic Programming by allowing some predicates to be incompletely defined, declared as abducible… … Wikipedia
Reasoning — is the cognitive process of looking for reasons for beliefs, conclusions, actions or feelings. [ Kirwin, Christopher. 1995. Reasoning . In Ted Honderich (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Philosophy . Oxford: Oxford University Press: p. 748] Humans… … Wikipedia
Defeasible reasoning — is a kind of reasoning that is based on reasons that are defeasible, as opposed to the indefeasible reasons of deductive logic. Defeasible reasoning is a particular kind of non demonstrative reasoning, where the reasoning does not produce a full … Wikipedia
Inductive reasoning — Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed to support the conclusion but do not entail it; i.e. they do not ensure its truth. Induction is a… … Wikipedia
Deductive reasoning — Deductive reasoning, also called deductive logic, is reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments. Deductive arguments are attempts to show that a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises or hypotheses. A deductive… … Wikipedia
Logical reasoning — In logic, three kinds of logical reasoning can be distinguished: deduction, induction and abduction. Given a precondition , a conclusion , and a rule that the precondition implies the conclusion , they can be explained in the following… … Wikipedia
Inquiry — For other uses, see Public inquiry and Enquiry character. An inquiry is any process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a problem. A theory of inquiry is an account of the various types of inquiry and a treatment … Wikipedia
Non-monotonic logic — A non monotonic logic is a formal logic whose consequence relation is not monotonic. Most studied formal logics have a monotonic consequence relation, meaning that adding a formula to a theory never produces a reduction of its set of consequences … Wikipedia
Scientific method — … Wikipedia
