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TAX GATHERERS — In Jewish history in the period of Roman rule two categories should be distinguished under this heading: (1) mokhesim, farmers general (see publicani), by preference of the equestrian order, and (2) gabba im, their agents employed in collecting… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
JEWISH AGENCY — (Heb. הַסּוֹכְנוּת הַיּהוּדִית לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, Ha Sokhenut ha Yehudit le Ereẓ Israel), international, nongovernment body, centered in Jerusalem, which is the executive and representative of the World zionist organization , whose aims are to… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Jewish agricultural colonies in the Russian Empire — were first established in Kherson Governorate in 1806. The Ukase of December 9, 1804 allowed Jews for the first time in Russia to purchase land for farming settlements ( Koloniya ). Jews were provided exemption from military service, tax… … Wikipedia
Jewish Polish history during the 18th century — Jewish Polish history during the 1700s:Accession of the Saxon dynastyWith the accession to the throne of the Saxon dynasty the Jews completely lost the support of the government. Although Augustus II the Strong (1697 ndash;1733), and August III… … Wikipedia
Jewish community of Livorno — The Jewish community of Livorno, although the youngest among the historic Jewish communities of Italy, was for some time the foremost because of the wealth, scholarship, and political rights of its members. The first traces of a Jewish settlement … Wikipedia
Jewish exodus from Arab lands — The Jewish exodus from Arab lands refers to the 20th century expulsion or mass departure of Jews, primarily of Sephardi and Mizrahi background, from Arab and Islamic countries. The migration started in the late 19th century, but accelerated after … Wikipedia
Jewish diaspora — Part of a series of articles on Jews and Judaism … Wikipedia
Jewish Messiah claimants — Part of a series on … Wikipedia
Jewish Schisms — Part of a series of articles on Jews and Judaism … Wikipedia
JEWISH IDENTITY — Through the ages Jewish identity has been determined by two forces: the consensus of thinking or feeling within the existing Jewish community in each age and the force of outside, often anti Jewish, pressure, which continued to define and to… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
